Economic development has long been a focus of economic strategies, but it is only in the last few decades that sustainability has risen to the center of economic discourse and acquired substantial significance. Environmental conservation and social inclusion have made inroads into modern economics in recent times. Economic development cannot be sustained without social equality and environmental sustainability, it has become more obvious.

Environmental sustainability is the route to the world we desire for everybody, stated former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. It provides a framework for achieving economic development, social fairness, environmental responsibility, and improved governance.

It is often assumed that when people’s fundamental requirements are met, they develop a desire to preserve the ecosystem. However, natural resources may have already been harmed at that point; consequently, it is critical that emerging countries recognize the need of environmental conservation. Environmental deterioration affects the whole planet, providing a health threat to many countries. As a result, it is critical to give it equal weight. With escalating levels of dynamic disaster risk coming from social polarization, rapidly rising poverty levels, urban conflict and violence, extremism, natural disasters, and climate change. Today’s primary concerns are framed within the social context.

These issues have an impact on planning and practices, prompting a reconsideration reworking of present planning methodologies in order to address this terrible societal situation. To establish strategies of sustainable development, it is widely agreed that a triad model, in which ecological is intertwined with the economic and social, is essential.